Steam-boiler



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. S. HALLOWELL.

STEAM BOILER. No. 544,168. Patented'Aug. 6, 1895.

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VILLIAH S. HALLOVVELL, OE WYNCO'IE, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 544,168, dated August 6, 1895.

Application filed November 28, 1894:. Serial No. 530,264. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. HALLO- WELL, a citizen of the United States, residing atWyncote, in the county of Montgomery, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Boilers, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings.

My invention consists of a novel construction of a water-tubeboiler in which provision is made for the exposure of a maximum evaporating-surface to the products of combustion, for creating and maintaining in that portion of the boiler exposed to the greatest heat a more solid and dense body of water to absorb the products of combustion than is possible in other forms of water-tube boilers, and for providing a means of allowing the ascending current of steam and water to enter the steamdrum without disturbing the body of water contained in the lower part of the drum, and at the same time for effecting a positive circulation throughout every portion of the boiler.

It also consists of an attachment which can be readily applied to existing boilers for the purpose of increasing the hydrostatic head of the water in the water-tubes, whereby a more solid and compact body of water is maintained in those tubes to absorb the heat for delivering the ascending current of steam and Water into the steam-drum without disturbing the water contained in the lower part of the drum, and alsofor accelerating the circulation in the steam-drum.

It further consists of novel details of construction, all as will be hereinafter set forth.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a steam-boiler embodying my invention, a portion thereof being shown in section. Fig. 2

' represents a transverse section of the same on line :0 00, Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4; represent sectional views of details to be hereinafter referred to.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the furnace wall or casing, the same inolosing a grate, a bridge-wall, ash-pit, &c., of the ordinary construction.

B designates the front or header drum, which is located above the grate, extending transversely of the boiler, and rests on a suitable saddle, under each end of which may be rollers or rockers to allow for expansion and contraction.

O designates the rear or mud drum, which is suitably supported in the rear of the furnace, extending transversely of the boiler, and has the blow-0E pipe D extending therefrom.

E designates the steam and water drum, which extends longitudinally to the boiler and is provided with the steam outlet F.

G designates the feed-pipe, which is extended into the steam-drum for the greater part of its length at a point below the normal water-line.

H designates water-tubes which extend in substantially a vertical line from the rear end of the steam-drum E to the mud-drum O, a suitable connection J being interposed between the upper ends of said tubes and the steam-drum.

K designates a series of inclined watertubes which extend from the header-drum B to mud-drum C, and are attached to said drums in any suitable manner. In the present instance said tubes are slightly curved at their ends, so that they may enter the drums radially and be expanded therein.

L designates the connection from the front or header' drum B to the front of the steam- .drum E, the same being provided with the flange M and the neck N, which extends up into the steam-drum E, said neck having attached thereto one end of the nozzle P, the outlet-opening Q of said nozzle being turned toward the rear end of the steam-drum, for a purpose to be hereinafter referred to, said outlet-opening being at or above the normal water-line of said steam-drum. The connection L is attached to the drum B by a series of nipples U.

R designates a wall depending from the rear portion of the steam drum, which has a baffle-plate S depending therefrom, which extends to the lower portion of the bank of tubes K.

T designates anotherbaifie-plate, which extends upwardly from the bridge-wall to the upper portion of said bank of tubes, so that IOC the products of combustion will be deflected three times across the tubes after leaving the grate in their progress to the stack.

The attachment between the front headerdrum and the steam-drum can be made and applied in various ways, and is applicable to all forms of water-tube boilers which have a number of tubes connected at their front ends to a water-leg, header, or series of headers, from which the steam and water is discharged into the steam and water drums, the preferred forms being shown in Figs. 1, 3, and t.

In Fig. 3 the attachment between the front header-drum and the steam-drum is made by the connection V, the same having a flanged base \V, which is attached to the front or header-drum B, and an upright portion X, within which is formed the channel Y, the upper peripheral outer portions Z of said connection V being preferably curved and provided with the flange A, which is suitably secured to the steam and water drum E, the inner wall B of said channel Y being extended up into the steam-drum E to about the center of the latter, whereby it will be seen that this forms an outlet for the ascending current of steam and water at or above the normal level of the water in the steam-drum, thereby increasing the hydrostatic head of the water in the water-tubes and correspondingly increasing the density of the water in those tubes, whereby the heat from the furnace is the more thoroughly absorbed. It will also be seen that by thus discharging the ascending current of steam and water at or above the level of the water in the steam-drum the body of water in the steam-drum will not be agitated and broken up, as it would be if the outlet for the ascending current was at the lower part of said drum, below the water-line, and it will furthermore be seen that the outer wall X of the connection V forms a closure for the front end of the aforesaid steam-drum E, while the upper curved portion of said connection assists to deflect and direct the incoming current of steam and water to the left into the steam-space and thus to greatly accelerate the normal circulation through the steamdrum.

It will of course be apparent that the inner wall B may, if desired, be made separate from the connection V, but attached thereto in any suitable manner.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the connection O is employed, which is provided with the flanges D and E, by means of which said connection 0 is secured to the header-drum and water-drum, respectively.

F designates a semicircular baffle-plate, which is placed across the front end of the steam-drum at or near the rear side of the entrance from the header-drum, said baflieplate extending across the steam-drum and upwardly to a point at or near the normal water-line, and being held in position by angle-irons G or by other suitable means. It will be seen that this attachment causes the ascending current of steam and water to be discharged at or above the normal water-line of the boiler, whereby the density of the water in the water-tubes is increased, the body of the water in the lower part of the steamdrum is not disturbed, and the circulation in the steam'drum is accelerated, all in the same manner as set forth in the description of the other forms of making this attachment.

The operation is as follows: The boiler having been properly filled and the fire started, the water will begin to circulate in the direc tion of the arrows from the mud-drum 0 up through the tubes K into the header-drum l3, whence it will be conducted into the steamdrum E by means of the connections therebetween, the circulation in the steam-drum being continuously from right to left and downwardly in the pipes II to the mud-drnm C, as is evident.

It is well known that where heat is applied to a vessel containing water the temperature of the latter is gradually raised until finally globules of steam areformed in the lower part of the body of water, which, rising to the surface, cause the water to become agitated, and this agitation is increased as the temperature of the mass rises, until finally, instead of having a solid and dense bodyof water, this is transformed into a light and spongy mass in violent ebullition, rebounding from the surface of the vessel against which the heat is applied, and in consequence absorbing far less of this heat than at first when in a condition of greater density, from which fact it is evidentthat the efficiency of a given heating-surface depends upon the density of the body of water brought into and maintained in actual contact with that surface, and that, therefore, in a steam-boiler, to secure the highest economy and efficiency, the construction must be such as to present and maintain at all times, even under conditions of hard firing, particularly in that portion of the boiler exposed to the most intense heat from the furnace, a body of water of the greatest possible density, and providing for the escapement of the steam generated in the easiest way without agitating the solid body of water above where the steam is generated, the weight of which causes the density of the water in contact with the heating-surface, and providing for a positive circulation of the water in one direction.

It will be seen that in the construction shown in Fig. 1 all the incoming water and steam which is discharged into the drum E culation at that point is secured, this being also augmented by the boiler being fed through the pipe G, located as shown.

In the construction seen in Figs. 3 and 4: the same result is attainedviz: the density of the Water in the water-tubes and headerdrum is increased by means of the higher hydrostatic head secured in that portion of the boiler, owing to carrying the column of water in the front of the boiler as high as possible.

By discharging the ascending current of steam and water above the water-line the body of water in the lower part of the drum E remains undisturbed and the circulation in the steam and water drum, as well as throughout the entire boiler, is made positive. All of the above circulating attachments can be readily applied to existing boilers, and the connection shown in Fig. 3 also serves as a closure for the front end of the steam-drum, as is evident.

With respect to the boiler itself, it will be seen that the same contains no flat surfaces and requires no stay-bolts or braces and that all parts are readily accessible for cleansing and repairs, while a complete and easy circulation of water is attained, and there is an entire absence of contracted water-passages.

By the employment of a single large muddrum in the line of the direct circulation the same is rendered more efficient in the collection of mud and sediment than is usual in boilers of this class, since all the water as it circulates must pass through said mud-drum, in which, owing to its large size, there is a slower travel, thereby giving ample time for the settlement of sediment, &c., whereas in the other types of boilers referred to the muddrum is out of the line of the direct circula-.

tion, and consequently but little of the circulating water enters the same and but little sediment is collected.

I am aware that it has been heretofore proposed to connect the front portion of a longitudinally-extending steam-drum to a transverse header-drum, and to further connect the latter to a mud-drum in the lower part of the furnace, and to arrange a water-drum into which the feed-water is introduced intermediate said mud-drum and the rear end of said steam-drum, suitable connections being made between said front header-drum and the lastmentioned water-drum; but the above construction is open to grave defects in practice, since conflicting circulations within the boiler are caused by the above arrangement of parts and the efficiency of the same is greatly impaired, all of which objections are avoided by my construction,in'which the rear water-drum, intermediatethe steam and the mud drum, is dispensed with and a continuous unbroken communication is provided between the rear of said steam-drum and muddrurn, whereby an unimpaired circulation is attained, as is evident.

It is obvious that instead of a single nozzle P a series of nozzles may be employed, and also that several steam-drums may be employed in place of the single drum shown, and that other changes may be made by those skilled in the art which will come within the scope of my invention, and I do not, therefore, desire to be restricted to the exact constructions I have herein shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv 1. In a boiler, a longitudinally-extending steam drum, a cylindrical header drum arranged under the latter transversely thereto, a connection from the top of said header drum to the bottom of said steam drum, a cylindrical mud drum located in the lower portion of the furnace, upright water tubes forming a continuous communication between the top of said mud drum and the under side of said steam drum, a series of water tubes connecting said mud drum and header drum in unbroken line, whereby a continuous and uninterrupted circulation between said steam, mud and header drums is effected, and conflicting circulations within the boiler are avoided, substantially as described. 2. In a boiler, a longitudinally-extending steam drum, a header drum and a mud drum, the latter being in the line of the direct circulation, water tubes forming a continuous, unbroken communication between said steam drum and said mud drum, other tubes con necting the latter to the header drum, in continuous unbroken line and a connection from the upper portion of said header drum extending upwardly into the steam drum from the bottom portion thereof to a point at or above the normal water line, and adapted to increase the density of the water in the water tubes and header drum, and to insure a positive circulation of water throughout the boiler, substantially as described.

3. An attachment for increasing the density of water in Water tube and other boilers, by

carrying the ascending current in the front part of such boilers into the upper part of the steam drum, at or above the Water line, same consisting of a channeled connection adapted to be attached to the front part of a steam drum, and an adjacent Water drum, one portion of said channel forming a closure for the end of said steam drum, and another portion being extended upwardly into the latter, to a point at or above the normal water level of said drum, substantially as described.

4. In a water tube boiler, a longitudinal steam drum E, header drum B, and a .mud drum 0, each arranged transversely to said steam drum, the water tubes H forming a continuous unbroken connection between said steam drum and mud drum, the Water tubes K connecting the latter and the headerdrum, a connection from the latter drum to the front of said steam drum, said connection having a portion extending upwardlyinto the steam drum to a point at or above the normal water line, a feed pipe G located substantially as shown, the depending wall R, and baflle plates S, 'l, the above parts being combined substantially as described.

5. In a water tube boiler, having a longitudinally extending steam drum, a header drum, and suitable connections therefrom, to the rear of said steam drum, whereby a continuous unbroken circulation is created, a

duct or ducts leading from said headerdrum into the forward portions of said steam drum, and having a portion thereof extended up into said steam drum to a point at or above the normal waterline of the same and turned 

